16:13 ( || אֲבָנִים ); וַיַּעֲלוּ ע׳ עַל־רֹאשׁ Jos 7:6 (JE; sign of grief), so Ez 27:30 La 2:1 0, and ( c. זָרַק ) Jb 2:12 ; loose earth (on surface of ground) 1 K 18:38 Am 2:7 Is 34: 7, 9 Lv 17:13 ( H ) Ez 24:7 (in fig. ), Nu 5:17 Jb 14:1 9; 38:38 ; 39:14 , Gn 26:15 ( R ), made into siege works Hb 1:10 ; of sand-storm Dt 28:24 ( + אָבָק ); as serpents food, token of punishment and humiliation, Gn 3:14 ( J ) Is 65:25 ( cf. Mi 7:17 2 e infr .); זִחֲלֵי ע׳ Dt 32:24 (poem; cf. 2 e ). b. specif. as material of human body Gn 2:7 ; 3:19 ( J ), Ec 3:20 , cf. Jb 4:1 9; 8:19 ψ 103:14 , to
which it returns (
שׁוּב אֶל־
)
Gn 3:19 Jb 10:9
ψ 104:29
Ec 3:2
0; so (
c.
עַל
)
Jb 34:15 Ec 12:
7.
c.
=
surface of ground
Ex 8:12
,
13
(×2) (
P
;
ע׳ הָאָרֶץ
),
Jb 19:25 Is 25:12
;
26:5
(both
||
אֶרֶץ
), surface of (whole) earth
Jb 41:25
,
מְחִלֹות ע׳
Is 2:19
(for hiding), so
ע׳
alone
v
1
0,
cf.
חֹרֵי ע׳
Jb 30:
6;
=
soil
,
Jb 5:6
;
7:5
;
14:8
.
d.
powder
of anything pulverized
Dt 9:21
(×2) (
cf.
דָּק
||
Ex 32:2
0),
2 K 23:6
(×2),
12
,
15
, so in
sim.
2 S 22:43
=
ψ 18:43
hence
=
ashes
v
4 Nu 19:1
7.
e.
debris
of ruined city
1 K 20:10 Ez 26:
4,
12 Ne 3:3
4;
4:4
ψ 102:15
.
The
foll. are late:
f.
earth
of the grave: לֶע׳ אֶשְׁכַּב Jb 7:2 1, so ( c. עַל ) 20:11 ; 21:26 , cf. 17:1 6;
יֹורְדֵי ע׳ ψ 22:30 , שֹׁכְנֵי ע׳ Is 26:1 9, יְשֵׁנֵי אַדְמַת־ע׳ Dn 12: 2;
עֲפַר־מָוֶת
ψ 22:16
;
ע׳
in
fig.
ψ 30:10
.
g.
mortar
(i.e. dried mud) for plastering houses
Lv 14:41
,
42
,
45
(
P
).
h.
(iron-)
ore
Jb 28:
2;
עַפְרֹת זָהָב
v
6
golddust
(but
v.
סַפִּיר
).
i.
material of earth
Is 40:12
,
cf.
ראֹשׁ עַפְרֹת תֵּבֵל
Pr 8:26
the first of the earth-particles of the world
.
2.
fig.
:
a.
of abundance
Gn
13:16
(×2);
28:14
(all
J
)
2 Ch 1:9 Jb 27:16
ψ 78:27
(
||
חֹול יַמִּים
),
cf.
עֲפַר יַעֲקֹב
Nu 23:10
(JE); with added idea of commonness, worthlessness
Zp 1:17 Zc 9:3
.
b
of worthlessness (alone)
Jb 22:24
.
c.
sim.
of the scattered, dispersed
2 K 13:7
;
כֶּע׳
Is 41:2
(so
van d. H. Gins
b; Baer
כֵּע׳
; on meaning
v. Du Ch
e, reading
תְּשִׂימֵם
for
יִתֵּן
).
d.
of self-abasement
Gn 18:27
(
+
אֵפֶר
),
וָאֵפֶר וְנִחַמְתִּי עַל־ע׳
Jb 42:
6,
יִתֵּן בֶּע׳ פִּיהוּ
La 3:2
9.
e.
of humiliation (sitting or lying in dust)
Is 29:4
;
47:1 Mi 1:10 Jb 16:1
5;
40:13
ψ 7:6
;
44:26
;
119:25
,
sim.
Jb 30:1
9; licking dust
ψ 72:9
Is 49:23 Mi 7:1
7,
cf.
TelAm.
tikalu ipra
(of enemies,
v. Wkl
Altor. Forsch. iii. 291
; also of serpent
1 a
supr
.); of
י׳
raising from the dust
1 S 2:8
=
ψ 113:7
,
1 K 16:2
; of lifting oneself
Is 52:2
.
[ עָפַר S 6080 TWOT 1664 GK 6759 ] vb. denom. Pi. וְעִפַּר בֶּעָפָר 2 S 16:13 and kept dusting (him) with dust (throwing) [lumps of] dry earth at him).
R Redactor (e.g. in Hexateuch). Du B. Duhm.