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desolations Dn 9:1 8, 26 . 2. be appalled, awestruck , usually at ( עַל ) judgments on others, Lv 26:32 ( H ), Je 2:12 ( v. II. [ חָרֵב ]), Ez 26:16 ; 27:35 ; 28:19 Is 52:14 Jb 17:8 , cf. 1 K 9:8 = 2 Ch 7:2 1, Je 18:16 ; 19:8 ; 49:17 ; 50:13 ; on oneself ψ 40:16
( עַל־עֵקֶב ).— Is 42:14 v. [ נשׁם ]. Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נָשַׁ֫מָּה Je 12:11 +, 3 pl. נָשַׁ֫מּוּ Zp 3:6 +; Pt. f. נְשַׁמָּה Ez 36:34 +, etc.; —= Qal : 1. be desolated , of roads Lv 26:22
( H ), Is 33:8 , bamoth Am 7:9 ( || יֶחֱרָ֑בוּ ), altars Ez 6:4 ; cf. 25: 3; 32:15 Zp 3:6 Zc 7:14 Jo 1:17 ψ 69:26 ; lands Je 12:11 Ez 29:1 2; 30:7 ; 36:34 , 35 , cities Is 54:3 ( opp. יוֹשִׁיבוּ ), cf. Ez 36:35 Am 9:14 Je 33:1 0; הַנְּשַׁמָּה Ez 36:36 the desolated (sc. land, in fig. ). 2. be appalled Je 4:9 La 4:5 Ez 4:1 7; 30:7 , c. עַל rei Jb 18:20 . Pō˓ Pt. 1. וָאֵֽשְׁבָה מְשׁוֹמֵם Ezr 9:3 I sat appalled , cf. v 4. 2. transit. appalling, causing horror ( Dr Dn 150 f .): (הַ)שִּׁקּוּץ מְשֹׁמֵם Dn 11:3 1, + perhaps 9:27a ( v. שִׁקּוּץ ); so also שִׁקּ׳ שֹׁמֵם 12:11 (on שׁ׳ v. Ges § 52s ), הַפֶּשַׁע שֹׁמֵם 8:13 the crime causing horror , and שׁ׳ as n. 2, 9:27b. Hiph. Pf. 2 ms. הֲשִׁמּ֫וֹתָ Jb 16: 7, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַשִּׁים (Ges§ 67y) Je 49:20 ; 50:45 , 3 mpl. sf. וַיְשִׁמֵּם 1 S 5: 6, 1 pl. נַשִּׁים Nu 21:30 , etc.; Imv. mpl. הָשַׁמּוּ (Ges§ 67v) Jb 21:5 ; Inf. abs. הַשְׁמֵם Mi 6:1 3; Pt. מַשְׁמִים Ez 3:1 5;— 1. devastate, ravage , acc. pers. 1 S 5:6 Ez 20:26 Ho 2:14 ( fig. of vine), Jb 16:7 ; acc. loc. Lv 26:3 1, 32 ( H ), Jo 10:25 Ez 30:1 2, 14 ψ 79:7 , so ( acc. om.) Nu 21:30 (poem in JE), Mi 6:13 ;— Ez 14:8 v. שִׂים Hiph. 2. a. appal , acc. pers. , c. עַל at , Je 49:20 ; 50:45 Ez 32:1 0. b. inwardly trans. , מַשׁ׳ וָאֵשֵׁב 3:15 shewing horror , Jb 21:5 ( Bu Niph. הִשַּׁמּוּ ). Hoph. Inf. abs. כָּל־יְמֵי הָשַּׁמָּה (sc. הָאָרֶץ ) Lv 26:34 (H) all the days of (its) being desolate , so v 35 2 Ch 36:2 1; Aramaizing, בָּהְשַׁמָּה (Ges§ 67y) Lv 26:43 . Hithpō˓. Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁתּוֹמֵם ψ 143:4 , etc.;— 1. be appalled, astounded , כִּי that, because , Is 59:16 ; 63:5 ; עַל rei Dn 8:27; בְּתוֹכִי יִשְׁתּ׳ לְבִּי ψ 143:4 ( cf. 1 pl. נשתומם Ecclus 43:2 4). 2. cause oneself desolation, ruin , Ec 7:16 ( תִּשּׁוֹמֵם , var. תִּשְׁתּוֹמֵם ).

transit. transitive. loc. local, locality. trans. translate (translated, translation); rarely = transitive. Bu K. Budde.

Ecclus Ecclesiasticus; Ecclus, Oxford ed., = Heb. Fragments of Ecclesiasticus, edd. Neubauer and Cowley.
var. variant reading.


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