pronounce sacred, inviolable; Ethiopic ˜˜˜ ( ḥarama ) prohibit from common use, consecrate to God, esteem unlawful; Palm. חרם = consacré Vog No. 35; Nab. id. , Eut p. 28; Sab. מחרם sanctuary, temple , Os ZMG 1865, 176, 252 , חרמתן DHM ZMG 1875, 594 ; Aramaic אַחֲרִים , and especially ܐܰܚܪܶܡ ( ˒aḥrem ) anathematize, excommunicate; v. also We Skizzen iii, 165 , Dr Sm 100 ff., RS Sem . i. 140(150) ) — Hiph. Pf. הֶהֱרִים Jos 8:26 + 5 times; הֶחֱרִם Jos 10:2 8; 2 ms. וְהַחֲרַמְתָּ˜ה 1 S 15:1 8; 1 s. הֶחֱרַמְתּי 1 S 15:20 ; וְהַחֲרַמְתִּ˜י Nu 21: 2; 2 fs. וְהַחֲרַמְתְּ(י) consec. Mi 4:13 (so
Ö É ã å
RV
most;
MT
1 s.),
v. Ges
§ 44, R. 4
;
pl.
הֶחֱרִימוּ
1 S 15:9 2 Ch 32:14
etc.; (
1 S 15:3
read
והחרמתו
Ö
We D
r);
Impf.
יַחֲרִם
Lv 27:2
8;
וַיַּחֲרֵם
Nu 21:3 Jos 10:37
;
sf.
וַיַּחֲרִימָהּ
Jos 10:
1;
1
pl.
וַנַּחֲרֵם
Dt 2:3
4;
3:6
etc.;
Imv.
הַחֲרֵם
Dt 13:1
6;
pl.
הַחֲרִימוּ
Je 51:
3;
sf.
הַחֲרִימוּהָ
Je 50:2
6;
Inf. abs.
הַחֲרֵם
Dt 3:6
+
4 times;
cstr.
הַחֲרִים
2 Ch 20:23 Dn 11:4
4;
sf.
הַחֲרִימָם
Jos 11:20
+
4 times;—
ban, devote
(especially religiously,
sq.
objects hostile to the theocracy [
v.
especially
Ex 22:19
Hoph.]; this involved gen. their destruction; when a city was ‘devoted’ the inhab. were put to death, the spoil being destroyed or not according to the gravity of the occasion [contrast
Jos 6:17
,
21 1 S 15:3
with
Dt 2:34f.
;
3:6
,
7
],
cf.
MI
17 לעשתר כמש החרמתה
to Ashtar-Chemosh I devoted it
, i.e. the city Nebo);—
1.
most often of devoting to destruction cities of Canaanites and other neighbours of Isr.,
exterminating
inhabitants, and destroying or appropriating their possessions:
a.
Isr. and her leaders subj.
Nu 21:2
,
3
(destruction according to vow),
Jos 6:21
(
cf.
חֵרֶם ליהוה
v
1
7; all
J
); in
v
18
read
תַּחְמְדוּ
(for
MT
תַּחֲרִימוּ
,
v. Di V
B);
8:26
Ö
, not
Ö
L
, om.
v.
),
10:1
(JE),
Dt 2:34
;
3:6
(×2);
7:2
(×2) (commanded through Moses,
cf.
for underlying thought
v
4,
5
,
6
),
20:17
(×2) (commanded by
י׳
),
Jos 2:10 10:2
8,
35
,
37
,
39
,
40
(divine command),
11:11
,
12
,
20
,
21
(divine command
v
1
2,
20
; all
D
),
1 S 15:3
,
8
,
9
(×2),
15
,
18
,
20
(divine command
v
3
,
18
,
20
,
cf.
v
1
1,
22
,
23
); quite secondary is simple
exterminate
1 K 9:2
1,
1 Ch 4:41
.
b.
secondary meaning
destroy, exterminate
, also with other nations subj.:—
2 K 19:11
=
Is 37:11
=
2 Ch 32:1
4,
2 Ch 20:23
,
Je 50:21
,
26
(both by divine command),
51:3 Dn 11:44
.
c.
God as subj.
,
fig.
all nations and their armies
Is 34:2
; the nations of Western
Palm. Palmyrene. Vog C. J. M. de Vogüé, Syrie Centrale.
No. number. Nab. Nabataean. Eut J. Euting. Sab. Sabean. Os E. Osiander. DHM D. H. Müller. Dr S. R. Driver, Text of Samuel. RS W. Robertson Smith, Religion of Semites. VB Variorum Bible.