offence, a trespass, do a wrong
, or
an injury
, with
לְ
:
אָשֹׁם אָשַׁם ליהוה
he hath done a great wrong to Yahweh
(in violating the commands)
Lv 5:19
(
P
);
וְנָתַן לַאֲשֶׁר אָשַׁם לֹו
and he shall give it
(restitution)
to him to whom he did wrong
Nu 5:7
(
P
),
cf.
2 Ch 19:1
0,
10
;
וַיֶּאְשְׁמוּ אָשֹׁום
and they committed lasting wrong
(irreparable wrong, the Edomites against Judah)
Ez 25:12
.
2.
be
or
become guilty
Ju 21:22 Je 50:7 Ho 4:15 Hb 1:1
1; in offences requiring sin-offering
Lv 4:13
,
22
,
27
(
P
), of trespass-offering
Lv 5:2
,
3
,
17
,
23 Nu 5:6
(
P
); with
ל
guilty of
Lv 5:4
,
5
(
P
), with
ב
in
or
through
Ez 22:4 Ho 13:
1.
3.
be held guilty, bear punishment
ψ 34:22
,
23 Pr 30:10 Is 24:6 Je 2:3 Ho 5:1
5;
10:2
;
14:1 Zc 11:5 Ez 6:6
(but
cf.
שָׁמֵם
).
Niph.
נֶאְשָׁמוּ
suffer punishment
Jo 1:1
8.
(si vera l
.;
Me We
al.
נָשַׁמּוּ
,
√
שׁמם
,
cf.
Dr
ad loc).
Hiph.
Impf. sf.
הַאֲשִׁימֵם
declare them guilty
ψ 5:11
.
•
אָשֵׁם
S
818
TWOT
180a
GK
872
adj.
guilty
,
א׳
abs.
2 S 14:1
3;
pl.
עַל־אָחִינוּ אֲשֵׁמִים
Gn 42:21
(
E
);
guilty
, and so bound to offer a trespass-offering
Ezr 10:19
; but read prob.
וַאֲשָׁמָם
, so
Kue
Chronol. v. h. Perzishce Tijdvak, 1890, 43
.
אָשָׁם
S
817
TWOT
180b
GK
871
n.m.
offence, guilt
—
א׳
Gn 26:10
+
37 times
sf.
אֲשָׁמֹו
Nu 5:7
+
7 times—
1.
offence, trespass, fault
ψ 68:22
(
guiltiness
R
V).
2.
guilt
Gn 26:10
(
J
)
Pr 14:9 Je 51:
5.
3.
compensation
,
לְהָשִׁיב הָאָשָׁם אֵלָיו
to whom to return the compensation
(or satisfaction for injury)
Nu 5:8
;
cp. v
7
(
P
;
restitution for guilt
R
V).
4.
trespass-offering
(
AV
, but
guilt-offering
R
V) used only in
Lv 5
,
6:10
;
7
,
14
,
19:21
,
22 Nu 6:1
2;
18:9
(
P
), &
Ez 40:39
;
42:13
;
44:29
;
46:20
,
cf.
Ezr 10:1
9. This offering seems to have been confined to offences against God or man that could be estimated and so covered by compensation. The ordinary trespass-offering was a ram, together with restitution and a penalty of a fifth of its value. The tresspass-offerings of the leper and Nazirite were he-lambs
Lv 14 Nu 6:1
2; if the person who suffered wrong or his kinsmen were not living the fine went to the priests. The victims were offered, the blood and fat pieces going to the altar, the skin and flesh to the priests. There seems to have been no application of the blood to the horns of the altar (the chief ceremony of the sin- offering) because the guilt was not expiated at the altar but by compensation to the
si vera si vera lectico. Me A. Merx.
Kue A. Kuenen. cp. compare. AV Authorized Version.