נפשׁ
(
√ of foll.;
cf.
Arabic
نَفَسٌ
(nafasun) soul, life, person, living being, blood, desire
,
نَفَسٌ
(
nafasun
)
breath, sweet odour
,
نَفُسَ
(
nafusa
)
be high in estimation, become avaricious;
III
.
desire a thing, aspire to it
,
v.
breathe, sigh
. Assyrian
napâšu
,
get breath, be broad, extended;
napištu
,
life
, less frequently
soul, living being, person
.
Vbs.
appar. denom.; nouns in all Semitic languages:
Ph.
נפש
,
CIS
i. 86, B 5, Ethiopic
(
nafs
); in the foll.
=
both
soul, person
, and
tombstone, monument
(as representing person,
v.
especially Duval
Rev. Sémit. ii (1894), 259 ff.
):
NH
נפשׁ
v. Levy
ZMG
xii (1858), 215
; Old Aramaic
נפש
,
Nab. Palm.
נפש
,
v. Lzb
325 Cook
82; Syriac
ܢܰܦܫܳܐ ( napšo ), v. 1 Macc 13:2 7, 28 ; Sab. נפס Lev y -Os ZMG xix (1865), 255.290 Mordtm ib. xxxii (1878), 202 cf. Liḥyan , DHM
Epigr. Denkm. 67 , Min. Hom Südarab. Chrest. 128 ) .
נֶפֶשׁ S 5315 TWOT 1395a GK 5883756 n.f. Gn 49:6 (so even Gn 2:19 Nu 31:28 1 K 19:2 v. Albr ZAW xvi (1896), 42 S S) soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion , and passion ( Ecclus 3:18; 4:1 (×2), 2 (×2) 13:12; 14:11 ) ; נ׳ Gn 1:20 +; נָפֶשׁ Gn 37:21 +; sf. נַפְשִׁי Gn 12:13 +; pl. נְפָשֹׁות Ez 13:18 + 13 times; נְפָשֹׁת Ex 12:4 Lv 27: 2; cstr. נַפְשֹׁות Gn 36:6 + 4 times; נַפְשֹׁת Lv 21:1 1; נְפָשִׁים Ez 13:20 (but read חָפְשִׁים , v Co Berthol Toy); sf. נַפְשֹׁותָם 2 S 23:17 +; נַפְשֹׁתָם Nu 17:3 +:
1.
=
that which breathes, the breathing substance or being
=
ψυχή
, anima,
the soul, the inner being of man:
a.
disting. from
בָּשָׂר
:
וְעַד בָּשָׂר מִנֶּפֶשׁ
Is 10:1
8;
הַנֶּפֶשׁ עִם הַבָּשָׂר
Dt 12:2
3; from
שְׁאֵר
Pr 11:17
; from
בֶּטֶן
body
ψ 31:10
.
b.
both the inner
נפשׁ
and the outer
בשׂר
are conceived as resting on a common substratum:
עָלָיו יִכְאָב וְנַפְשֹׁו עָלָיו תֶּאֱבָֽל׃ אַךְ בְּשָׂרֹו
Jb 14:22
only his flesh upon him is in pain, and his soul upon him mourneth;
cf.
ψ 42:5
,
7
;
131:2 Jb 30:16 La 3:20
[
v.
עַל
1
d
], all poetical (
cf.
6 c
).
c.
נ׳
departs at death and returns with life:
בְּצֵאת
Vbs. verbs.
B Vatican MS. of Septuagint. Nab. Nabataean.
Palm.
Palmyrene.
Mordtm
J. H. Mordtmann.
Liyan
Lhyanian
(language).
DHM
D. H. Müller, Epigrophische Denkmäler, or Epigr. Denm. aus Arabien
, or
Epigr. Denkm. aus Arabien, or Epigr. Denkm. aus Abessinien
Albr
K. Albretch.
ZAW Z. f. alttest. Wissenschaft .