נַפְשָׁהּ כִּי מֵתָה וַיְהִי Gn 35:18 ( E ) and it came to pass when her soul was going forth ( for she died ); נָֽפְחָה נַפְשָׁהּ Je 15:9 she breathed out her soul , cf. 1 K 17:2 1, 22 Jb 11:2 0; 31:39 . d. often desired that the נפשׁ may be delivered: from She˒ôl ψ 16:10 ; 30:4 ; 49:16 ; 86:13 ; 89:49 Pr 23:1 4; from שַׁחַת , the pit of She˒ôl , Is 38:17 Jb 33:1 8, 22 , 28 , 30 .
2. The נפשׁ becomes a living being: by God’s breathing נשׁמת חיים into the nostrils of its בשׂר ; of man Gn 2:7 ( J ); by implication of animals also Gn 2:19 ( J ); so ψ 104:29 , 30 cf. 66:9 man is נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה , a living, breathing being Gn 2:7 ( J ); elsewhere נפשׁ חיּה always of animals Gn 1:20 , 24 , 30 ; 9:12 , 15 , 16 (all P ), Ez 47:9 ; so נפשׁ החיּה Gn 1:2 1; 9:10 (both P ), Lv 11:10 , 46 ( H ); נפשׁ השׁרצת Lv 11:46 ( H ); נפשׁ כל חי Jb 12:1 0. נפשׁ is frequently used with the verb חיה : • וחיתה נפשׁ Gn 12:1 3; 19:20 (both J ), 1 K 20:32 ( E ), ψ 119:175 Je 38:17 , 20 ; • חֵי נַפְשְׁךָ 1 S 1:2 6; 17:55 ; 20:3 ; 25:26 2 S 11:1 1; 14:19 2 K 2: 2, 4 , 6 ; 4:30 (all JE); cf. • יְחַיֶּה נ׳ 1 K 20:31 ( E ), Ez 18:27 ψ 22:30 ; also Gn 19:19 Is 55:3 Pr 3:2 2.
3.
The
נפשׁ
(without
חיה
noun or verb) is specif.:
a.
a living being whose life resides in the blood [so in Arabic
We
Skizzen iii. 217
G.
Jacob
Arab. Dicht.
iv. 9 f.
] (hence sacrificial use of blood, and its prohib. in other uses; first in
D
),
Dt 12:23
,
24
only be sure that thou eat not the blood, for the blood is the living being
(
הַדָּם הוּא הַנֶּפֶשׁ
);
and thou shalt not eat the living being with the flesh
(
הַנֶּפֶשׁ עִם הַבָּשָׂר
);
thou shalt pour it upon the earth as water;
that is enlarged in
H
,
Lv 17:10
,
11
,
12
,
14
and in
P
Gn 9:
4,
5
,
cf.
Je 2:3
4.
b.
a serious attack upon the life is an attack upon this inner living being
2 S 1:9 Je 4:10 Jon 2:6
ψ 69:2
;
124:4
,
5 Jb 27:
3.
c.
נפשׁ
is used for life itself 171 times, of animals
Pr 12:10
, and of man
Gn 44:30
(
J
);
נפשׁ תחת נפשׁ
life for life
Ex 21:23
(
E
),
Lv 24:18
(
H
),
1 K 20:39
,
42 2 K 10:2
4;
נפשׁנו תחתיכם
Jos 2:14
(
J
);
נפשׁ בנפשׁ
Dt 19:2
1;
בנפשׁ
for the life of
2 S 14:7 Jon 1:1
4;
שׂם נפשׁ בכף
put life in one’s own hand
Ju 12:3 1 S 19:
5;
28:21 Jb 13:1
4;
למות חרף נפשׁו
Ju 5:18
risked his life to die;
•
בנפשׁ
at the risk of life
Nu 17:3
(
P
),
2 S 23:17
=
1 Ch 11:19
(×2),
1 K 2:23 Pr 7:23 La 5:
9;
•
בקּשׁ נפשׁ
Ex 4:19
(
J
),
1 S 20:1
;
22:23
(×2) 23:1
5; 25:29
2 S 4:8
;
16:11 1 K 19:1
0,
14 Je 4:3
0;
11:21
;
19:7
,
9
;
21:7
;
22:25
;
34:20
,
21
;
38:16
;
44:30
(×2) 46:2
6; 49:37
ψ 35:4
;
38:13
;
40:15
;
54:5
;
63:10
;
70:3
;
86:14 Pr 29:1
0;
•
שׁאל נ׳
1 K 3:11
=
2 Ch 1:1
1,
1 K 19:4
=
Jon 4:
8;
•
הִכָּה נפשׁ
smite mortally
Gn 37:21
(
J
),
Dt 19:6
,
11 Je 40:1
4,
15
;
•
לקח נ׳
1 K 19:4 Jon 4:3
ψ 31:14
Pr 1:19
;
•
הִצִּילתוֶמָּםִ שׁפֶןֶ
deliver life from death
Jos 2:13
ψ 33:19
;
We J. Wellhousen, Skizzen und Vorarbeiten .