and by the Samaritans
שׁימא
. The pronunciation
Jehovah
was unknown until 1520, when it was introduced by Galatinus; but it was contested by Le Mercier, J. Drusius, and L. Capellus, as against grammatical and historical propriety (
cf.
Bö
§ 88). The traditional
Ἰαβέ
of Theodoret and Epiphanius, the
־יָהוּ
,
יְהֹו־
of compound
n.pr.
and the contracted form
יָהּ
, all favour
יַהְוֶה
(
cf.
יַהֲלֹמ˜וּן
ψ 74:6
;
תַּהֲרוּ
Is 33:1
1),
v. Lag
Sym i. 14 Baudissin
Studien i. 179 ff.
;
Dr
Stud. Bib.
i. 1 ff.
For
Jeve
v. Sta
ZAW 1881, 346
De
ib. 1882, 173 f. & Gn. Excurs. ii
.
2.
on liter. of interpret.
v. Nes
Eg 67 Dr
l.c..—Many recent scholars explain
יַהְוֶה
as Hiph. of
הוה
(
=
היה
)
the one bringing into being, life-giver
(
cf.
הַוָּה
Gn 3:2
0)
Schr HSch
;
giver of existence, creator
,
Kue Tiel
e;
he who brings to pass
(so already Le Clerc),
performer of his promises
,
Lag
,
Nes
Eg 88 (but
Nes
Eg 91 inclines to Qal as
RS
Brit. & For. Ev. Rev.
v. infr
.); or from
הוה
he who causes to fall
, rain or lightning
RS
OTJC ed. 1, 423; om. ed. 2, 245
,
cf.
We
Skizzen iii. 175
; ‘
Fäller
,’ destroying foes,
Sta
G i. 429 (dubiously). But most take it as Qal of
היה
(
=
היה
);
the one who is:
i.e.
the absolute and unchangeable one
,
Ri
;
the existing, ever-living
, as self-consistent and unchnageable,
Di
; or
the one ever coming into manifestation
as the God of redemption,
De Oeh
l;
cf.
also
RS
Brit. & For. Ev. Rev. 1876
,
he will be
it, i.e. all that his servants look for (
cf.
Ew
infr.),
he will approve himself
(
give evidence of being, assert his being
Dr
l.c. 17).
)
theories of non-
Heb.
or non-Sem. origin. opposed (in their older forms) by
Bau
Rel i. 181 ff. (
v.
especially 230)
;
Dl
Pa 162 ff. claimed
Bab.
origin for
יהו , agaisnt this Kue National religions, etc., Note iv ( Eng. Trans. 329 ff.) Jastr JBL xiii (1894), 103 f. cf. Hpt BAS i. 170 N ; Dl Babel u. Bibel, 46 f., 73 f. makes same claim for יהוה , agst. this v.
Bö F. Böttcher, Lehrbuch d. Hebr. Sprache . Lag P. de Lagarde, Symmicta .
Baudissin circa ., Srudien Zur Semitischen Religionsgenschichte ;
Stud. Bib. Studia Bilica. Sta B. Stade.
Nes E. Nestle, Eigennamen. Schr E. Schrader.
HSch H. Schultz. Kue A. Kuenen. Tiele C. P. Tiele. RS W. Robertson Smith. RS W. Robertson Smith, Old Testament in Jewish Church. Sta B. Stade, Geschichte des Volkes Israel.
Ri E. Riehm. Oehl Oehler. Dl Friedrich Delitzsch, Wo lag das Paradies?
Eng. English Translation. Jastr Marcus Jastrow, Dict of Targumim, Talmud, etc.; also Morris Jastrow, Jr.
JBL Journal of Biblical Literature. Hpt Sacred Books of the O.T., ed. Hpt (Polychrome Bible).