34:19
(
cf.
לֵב נִדְכָּאִים
Is 57:1
5);
מִשֵּׁבֶר רוּחַ
Is 65:14
(
cf.
3 f
);
רוּחַ נִשְׁבָּרָה
ψ 51:19
(
||
לֵב נִשְׁבָּר
,
cf.
נִשְׁבְּרֵי לֵב
34:19 Is 61:1
);
ψ 32:2
Pr 11:1
3;
16:18
ψ 78:8
Ec 7:8
(
cf.
גְּבַהּ לֵב
Pr 16:
5);
שְׁפַל רוּחַ
Pr 16:1
9;
29:23 Is 57:1
5;
רוּחַ שְׁפָלִים
v
15
(
cf.
3 f
).
•
9.
spirit of God
(94 times; not
D
or Je or any Deut. writer; conception of its activity in inspiring prophecy prob. discredited from abuse by false prophets,
v.
נביא
,
נבא
):
a.
as inspiring ecstatic state of prophecy,
Nu 11:17
,
25
(×2),
26
,
29
(
J
),
1 S 10:6
,
10
(
cf.
v
5),
19:20
,
23
; as inciting to deeds of frenzy, in the ecstatic state; hence conceived as
ר׳ אֱלֹהִים רָעָה
1 S 16:15
(×2),
16
,
=
ר׳ רָעָה מֵאֵת י׳
v
14
=
צלח ר׳ א׳ רָעָה
18:10
(other narrative)
=
ר׳ י׳ רָעָה
19:
9;
ר׳ א׳
16:23
=
רוּחַ הָרָעָה
v
2
3,
cf.
הָרוּחַ
1 K 22:21
=
ר׳ שֶׁקֶר
v
2
2,
23
=
2 Ch 18:20
,
21
,
22
=
רוּחַ י׳
1 K 22:24
=
2 Ch 18:2
3;
cf.
also (in earlier prophets)
אִישׁ הָרוּחַ
, i.e. one possessed by the spirit in the ecstatic state,
||
הַנָּבִיא
Ho 9:7
;
רוּחַ י׳
Mi 3:8
(
||
כֹּחַ
) is prob.
gloss.
(
We No
w);
וְלֹא רוּחִי
Is 30:1
;
רוּחַ
dealing with Ezek.:
Ez 2:2
;
3:12
,
14
,
24
;
8:3
;
11:1
,
5
,
24
(
Co gloss
.),
37:1
;
43:5
(all implying ecstatic state of vision),
cf.
Elijah
1 K 18:12 2 K 2:1
6.
b.
spirit
as impelling proph. to utter instruction or warning (higher and later conception): transition prob.
Nu 24:2 2 S 23:2 1 Ch 12:1
8; elsewhere in Ch.:
2 Ch 15:1
;
20:14
;
24:20
; distinctly in
Is 11:2
,
48:16
,
cf.
61:
1; so of ancient prophets,
Zc 7:12 Ne 9:3
0,
cf.
, of future prophetic gift,
Jo 3:1
,
2
.
c.
imparting warlike energy, and executive and administrative power: (1) to
שֹׁפְטִים
,
מושִׁיעִים
,
מְלָכִים
, of ancient Isr.:
י׳ על וַתְּהִי רוּחַ
Ju 3:1
0;
11:29
,
cf.
6:3
4;
13:25
;
14:6
,
19
;
15:14 1 S 11:
6;
16:13
,
14
; so also
עַד יֵעָרֶה עָלֵינוּ רוּחַ מִמָּרֹום
Is 32:1
5; (2) resting upon Messianic king:
Is 11:2
(×3); upon servant of
י׳
,
42:1
.
d.
late, as endowing men with various gifts: technical skill
Ex 31:3
;
35:31
(
P
); understanding
Jb 32:8
(
||
נִשְׁמַת שַׁדַּי
); poured out by divine wisdom
Pr 1:23
.
e.
as energy of life:
רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים מְרַחֶפֶת עַל־פְּנֵי
הַמָּ˜יִם
Gn 1:2
(
P
);
רוּחַ אֵל עָשָׂ˜תְנִי
Jb 33:4
(
||
נִשְׁמַת שַׁדַּי
); as vital power,
opp.
בָּשָׂר
:
Is 31:3
; in cherubic chariot:
Ez 1:12
,
cf.
v
2
0,
21
;
10:17
; reviving Israel
Ez 39:29 Zc 12:10 Is 44:
3.
f.
=
ancient angel of the presence and later Shekina:
ר׳ קָדְשֹׁו
Is 63:1
0,
11
=
ר׳ י׳
v
14
(
=
מַלְאַךְ פָּנָיו
v
9),
cf.
ψ 106:33
; so also
ר׳ קָדְשְׁךָ
ψ 51:13
(in national prayer),
cf.
Ne 9:20
ψ 143:10
; proph. of restoration conceive of the divine spirit as standing in
their midst and about to fulfil all divine promises: עֹמֶדֶת בְּתֹוכֲכֶם רוּחִי Hg 2: 5, Zc 4:6 ; this conception culminates in רוּחַ = divine Presence, and as such omnipresent, ψ 139:7 ( || פָּנֶיךָ ; cf. v 8).