Dead Sea Scrolls

JHI 6233: Dead Sea Scrolls

Bernard Revel Graduate School

Fall 2004: Sid Leiman 

See the original syllabus for the Class Assignment Schedule

A. Primary Collections:

1. D. Barthelemy, J.T. Milik, et al., Discoveries in the Judaean Desert, Oxford, 1955-2004.
    
2. S.A. Reed and M.J. Lundberg, The Dead Sea Scrolls on Microfiche, Leiden, 1993. See also: E. Tov and S.J. Pfann, The Dead Sea Scrolls on Microfiche: A Companion Volume, Leiden, 1993.
    
3. R.H. Eisemann and J.M. Robinson, A Facsimile Edition of the Dead Sea Scrolls, Washington, D.C., 1 991, 2 vols.
    
4. B.Z. Wacholder and M.G. Abegg, A Preliminary Edition of the Unpublished Dead Sea Scrolls, Washington, D.C., 1991-95, 3 vols.
    
5. S.A. Reed, The Dead Sea Scrolls Catalogue: Documents, Photographs and Museum Inventory Numbers, Atlanta, 1994.

B. First Editions:

For a listing of the contents of the DJD volumes, see below, section F, sub G. Vermes. Cf. DJD, vol. xxxix (2002), pp. 1-25. For the editio princeps of the various scrolls and fragments not published originally in DJD, see the bibliographies listed below in section F, especially J. Fitzmyer. Samples of important texts not published originally in DJD are:

J.T. Milik, The Books of Enoch: Aramaic Fragments of Qumran Cave 4, New York, 1976.

Y. Yadin, , Jerusalem, 1 977, 3 vols. (English edition: The Temple Scroll, Jerusalem, 1 983, 3 vols.)

C. Secondary Collections:

1. A.M. Habermann, ed., Tel-Aviv, 1959.
    
2. J. Maier, ed., Die Texte von Toten Meer, Basel, 1960, 2 vols.
    
3. E. Lohse, ed., Die Texte aus Qumran, Munich, 1971.
    
4. J. Carmignac and P. Guilbert, eds., Les Textes de Qumran, Paris, 1961-1963, 2 vols.
    
5. B. Jongeling et aI., eds., Aramaic Texts from Qumran with Translations and Annotations, Leiden, 1976.
    
6. J. Fitzmyer and D.J. Harrington, A Manual of Palestinian Aramaic Texts, Rome, 1978.
    
7. K. Beyer, Die aramaischen Texte vom Toten Meer, Goettingen, 1984.
    
8. J.H. Charlesworth et al., eds., The Dead Sea Scrolls, Tuebingen and Louisville, 1994 on.
    
9. F. Garcia Martinez and E.J.C. Tigchelaar, eds., The Dead Sea Scrolls: Study Edition, Grand Rapids, 2000, 2 vols.
    
10. D.W. Parry and F. Toy, eds., The Dead Sea Scrolls Reader, Leiden, 2004, 3 vols.

D. Concordances:

1. A.M. Habermann (see above, section C).

2. K.G. Kuhn, Konkordanz zu den Qumrantexten, Goettingen, 1960.

3. A Preliminary Concordance to the Hebrew and Aramaic Fragments from Qumran Caves 2-10, Goettingen, 1988, 5 vols.

4. J.H. Charlesworth, Graphic Concordance to the Dead Sea Scrolls, Louisville, 1991.

5. M.G. Abegg et al, eds., The Dead Sea Scrolls Concordance: The Non-Biblical Texts, Leiden, 2003, 2 vols. 

E. English Translations:

1. A. Dupont-Sommer, The Essene Writings from Qumran, Gloucester, Mass., 1973.
    
2. T.H. Gaster, The Dead Sea Scriptures, New York, 1964.
    
3. F. Garcia Martinez, The Dead Sea Scrolls Translated: The Qumran Texts in English, Leiden, 1994.
    
4. G. Vermes, The Complete Dead Sea Scrolls in English, New York, 1 997 on.
    
5. D.W. Parry and F. Tov, eds., The Dead Sea Scrolls Reader, Leiden, 2004, 3 vols.

F. Introductions and Bibliography:

1. J. Fitzmyer, The Dead Sea Scrolls: Major Publications and Tools for Study, Atlanta, 1 990.
    
2. G. Vermes, An Introduction to the Complete Dead Sea Scrolls, Minneapolis, 2000.
    
3. L. Schiffman and J.C. VanderKam, eds., Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls, Oxford, 2000, 2 vols.

G. Topics and Schedule of Readings:

I. Preliminary Session.

II. General Background and Historical Setting.

1. Book of Daniel.
2. First Book of Maccabees.
3. F. Schuerer, The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ, ed. by G. Vermes and F. Millar, Edinburgh, 1973, vol. 1, pp. 137-557. 
   1. Chapter 4: Religious Crisis and Revolution 175-164 B.C.
   2. Chapter 5: Judas Maccabaeus 164-161 B.C.
   3. Chapter 6: Jonathan 161-143/2 B.C.
   4. Chapter 7: Simon 143(2)-135/4 B.C.
   5. Chapter 8: John Hyrcanus I - 135/4-104 B.C.
   6. Chapter 9: Aristobulus I - 104-103 B.C.
   7. Chapter 10: Alexander Jannaeus - 103-76 B.C.

   8. Chapter 11: Alexandra - 76-67 B.C.

   9. Chapter 12: Aristobulus II - 67-63 B.C.
   10. From the Capture of Jerusalem by Pompey to the Hadrianic War
   11. Chapter 13: Hyrcanus II - 63-40 B.C. The Rise of Antipater and his Sons Phasael and Herod
   12. Chapter 14: Antigonus - 40-37 B.C.
   13. Chapter 15: Herod the Great - 37-4 B.C.
   14. Chapter 16: Disturbances After Herod's Death - 4 B.C.
   15. Chapter 17: The Death of Herod the Great to Agrippa I 4 B.C.-41 A.D.
       1. Excursus I - The Census of Quirinus - Luke 2:1-5
       2. Excursus II - Josephus on Jesus and James
   16. Chapter 18: Agrippa I - 37, 40, 41-44 A.D.
   17. Chapter 19: The Roman Procurators - 44-66 A.D.
       1. Excursus 1: Agrippa II - 50- (?)92/3 A.D.
   18. Chapter 20: The Great War with Rome - 66-74(?) A.D.
   19. Chapter 21: From the Destruction of Jerusalem to the Downfall of Bar Kokhba
4. F.M. Cross, Jr., The Ancient Library of Qumran, third edition, Minneapolis, 1995.

III. The Manual of Discipline.

1. Habermann, pp. 60-70.
2. Vermes, pp. 97-117.
3. Plates: M. Burrows, The Dead Sea Scrolls of St. Mark's Monastery, New Haven, 1951, vol. 2, fasc. 2 (600 DPI B&W). 
   (300 DPI of the plates in grayscale, a 20 Mb Windows self-extracting viewer.)
4. Prepare: I:1 - VII:25.

• Additional readings
  • Morag S.,  Hakinuyyim HaEmzaiim lnistar ilnistarot bimgilat yam-hamelah, Eretz Yisrael 3, pp. 166-169
  • Baer, Y, "Serech Hayachad," Zion (??), pp. 1-60
  • Baer, Y, "Pesher Habakuk utkufato," Zion (??), pp. 1-42

IV. The Damascus Rule.

1. Habermann, pp. 77-88.
2. Vermes, pp. 125-143.
3. Plates: M. Broshi, ed., The Damascus Document Reconsidered, Jerusalem, 1992.
   • Transcription in Broshi
   • (300dpi) 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 9-13 (also 7-8)

   • (600 dpi) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 (Large files!)

4. Prepare: I:1 - VI:21; IX:16 - XIII:7.

• Additional readings
  • "Damascus Document," Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls, L. Schiffman and J.C. VanderKam, eds., Oxford, 2000, vol. 1, pp.166-170
  • Baumgarten, J.M., "The Laws of the Damascus Document in Current Research," in Broshi, pp. 51-62
     
  • "Book of Hagu," Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls, L. Schiffman and J.C. VanderKam, eds., Oxford, 2000, vol. 1, p. 327
  • Steinmetz, D,  "Sefer HeHago: The Community and the Book," Journal of Jewish Studies, (62/1, 2001), pp. 39-58.
  • B.Z. Wacholder and M.G. Abegg on the Book of Hago, from the Introduction to "A Preliminary Edition of the Unpublished Dead Sea Scrolls," Washington, D.C., 1991-95, vol. 1, pp xii-xiv
  • Warman, Kana, "'HaTorah viHateudah' haketuvah al haluhot," Tarbiz 68/4 (1998), pp. 1-20
     
  • Grabbe, L.L., "The Jannes/Jambrus Tradition in Targum Pseudo-Jonathan and its Date," Journal of Biblical Literature, 98/3 (1979), pp. 393-401

V. Pesher Habakkuk.

1. Habermann, pp. 43-49.
2. Vermes, pp. 478-485.
3. Plates: M. Burrows, The Dead Sea Scrolls of St. Mark's Monastery, New Haven, 1950, vol. 1, plates 55-61 (and transcription).
4. Prepare: Entire.

• Additional Readings
  • Martinez and Tigchelaar Transcription 
  • "Pesher Habakkuk," Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls, L. Schiffman and J.C. VanderKam, eds., Oxford, 2000, Vol 2, pp.647-650
  • Baer, Y, "Pesher Habakuk utkufato," Zion (??), pp. 1-42

VI. Pesher Nahum.

1. Habermann, p. 153.
2. Vermes, pp. 473-477.
3. Plates: 
   • J.M. Allegro, "Further Light on the History of the Qumran Sect,"  JBL 75 (1956) 89-95; 
   • idem, "More Unpublished Pieces of a Qumran Commentary on Nahum," JSS 7 (1962) 304-308. 
   • Cf. DJD, Oxford, 1968, vol. 1, plates 12-14. (See PAMs, below)
   • Eric: Also see:
     • PAMs from the DSS Database
     • Berrin, S., Just the transcription from "The Pesher Nahum Scroll from Qumran," Brill, 2004
4. Prepare: Entire.

VII. The Messianic Rule.

1. Habermann, pp. 59-60.
2. Vermes, pp. 157-160.
3. Plates: D. Barthelemy and J.T. Milik, DJD, Oxford, 1955, vol. 1, plates 23-24.
   1. page 1 magnified
   2. page 2 magnified
4. Prepare: Entire.

VIII. 11Q Melchizedek.

1. Not in Habermann.
2. Vermes, pp. 500-502.
3. Plates: A.S. van der Woude, "Melchizedek als himmlische Erloesergestalt," Oudtestamentische Studien 14(1965) 354-373.
   1. Page 1 at 600dpi standard and magnified
   2. Page 2 at 600 dpi standard 
4. Prepare: Entire.

IX. The Temple Scroll.

1. Not in Habermann.
2. Vermes, pp. 190-219.
3. Plates: Y. Yadin, Jerusalem, 1977, vol. 3, plates 66-81.
4. Prepare: LI:11 - LIII:8; LIV:5 - LIX:21; LX:16 - LXIII:8.

X.

1. Not in Habermann.
2. Vermes, pp. 220-228.
3. Plates: DJD, Oxford, 1994, plates 1-8.
4. Prepare: B: lines 35-41.

Select Bibliography

J.T. Barrera and L.V. Montaner, eds., The Madrid Qumran Congress, Leiden, 1 992, 2 vols.

T.S. Beall, Josephus' Description of the Essenes Illustrated by the Dead Sea Scrolls, Cambridge, 1988.

G.J. Brooke, Exegesis at Qumran: 4Q Florilegium in its Jewish Context, Sheffield, 1985.

G.J. Brooke ed., Temple Scroll Studies, Sheffield, 1989.

P.R. Callaway, The History of the Qumran Community, Sheffield, 1988.

L. Cansdale, Qumran and the Essenes: A Re-Evaluation of the Evidence, Tuebingen, 1 997.

D. Dimant and U. Rappaport, eds., The Dead Sea Scrolls: Forty Years of Research, Leiden, 1992.

P.W. Flint and J.C. Vanderkam, eds., The Dead Sea Scrolls After Fifty Years, Leiden, 1998-9, 2 vols.

F. Garcia Martinez, Qumran and Apocalyptic: Studies in the Aramaic Texts from Qumran, Leiden, 1 992.

M.A. Knibb, Jubilees and the Origins of the Qumran Community, London, 1989.

P.J. Kobelski, Melchizedek and Melchiresha, Washington, 1981.

J.K. Lefkovits, The Copper Scroll 3Q15: A Reevaluation, Leiden, 2000.

T.H. Lim et al., eds., The Dead Sea Scrolls in their Historical Context, Edinburgh, 2000.

J.A. Maier, The Temple Scroll, Sheffield, 1985.

F. Qimron, The Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls, Scholars Press, 1986.

L.H. Schiffman, , Jerusalem, 1993.

F.M. Schuller, Non-Canonical Psalms from Qumran, Scholars Press, 1987.

D.D. Swanson, The Temple Scroll and the Bible, Leiden, 1995.

E.C. Ulrich, The Qumran Text of Samuel and Josephus, Scholars Press, 1983.

B.Z. Wacholder, The Dawn of Qumran, Cincinnati, 1 983.

M. Weinfeld, The Organizational Pattern and the Penal Code of the Qumran Sect, Goettingen, 1986.

Expected

• Prepare for each session (Bring plate, read, translate, and defend translation.)
   
• Exam on all readings on section G and anything said in class.
  
• Term Paper.  Topic of choice.  ~25 pages.
  • Editio Princeps (Sukenik/Avigad)
    • Hodayot, 300 DPI  (16 Mbytes) 
    • Hodayot, Transcription 
    • Hodayot, Other Pictures
       
  • Bernstein, Moshe J., "Poetry and prose in 4Q371-373 Narrative and Poetic Composition (a, b, c)," Liturgical Perspectives (2003), pp. 19-33 (Copyrighted.  Please write me for the password.)
     
    Chazon, Esther Glickler, "The use of the Bible as a key to meaning in psalms from Qumran," Emanuel (2003), pp. 85-96
     
  • Chazon, Esther Glickler, "Hymns and prayers in the Dead Sea Scrolls," The Dead Sea Scrolls after Fifty Years Vol. I (1998) 244-270
     
  • Chazon, Esther Glickler, "Human and angelic prayer in light of the Dead Sea Scrolls,"Liturgical Perspectives (2003), pp. 35-47
     
  • Daise M. "Biblical Creation Motifs in the Qumran Hodayot," 50...
     
  • "Hodayot," Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls, L. Schiffman and J.C. VanderKam, eds., Oxford, 2000
     
  • Hopkins, Denise Dombkowski, "The Qumran community and 1 Q Hodayot; a reassessment," RQ 10, 3 (1981), pp. 323-364 
     
  • Licht - Hodayot
    • TOC,  Intro, Description and Contents
    • Rules and Fundamentals
    • Hodayot 1-4
    • Hodayot 5-11
    • Hodayot 12-17
    • Hodayot 18-22
    • Dictionary
       
  • Martinez and Tigchelaar 1QH
     
  • Newsom, Carol A., "'Sectually explicit' literature from Qumran," The Hebrew Bible and Its Interpreters (1990), pp. 167-187.
     
  • Puech E., "Un Hymne Essenien Em Partie Retrouve Et Les Beatitudes," Revue de Qumran, 1988
     
  • Puech E., " Queques aspects de la restauration du Rouleau des Hymnes 1QH," Journal of Jewish Studies, 1988
     
  • "Poetry," Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls, L. Schiffman and J.C. VanderKam, eds., Oxford, 2000
     
  • "Psalms," Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls, L. Schiffman and J.C. VanderKam, eds., Oxford, 2000
     
  • Sanders, James A., "The Modern History of the Qumran Psalms Scroll and Canonical Criticism," Emanuel (2003), pp. 393-411
       .
  • Skehan, Patrick W., "A Liturgical Complex in 11QPs(a)," CBQ 35 (1973), pp. 195-205.
     
  • Skehan, Patrick W., "The Divine Name at Qumran, in the Masada Scroll, and in the Septuagint," BIOSCS 13 (1980), pp.14-44
     
  • Stegemann H - The Material Reconstruction of 1QHodayot.pdf